It has been common knowledge for a while that women are
under represented in the fields of science, technology, engineering and math. There
has been a lot of scrutiny as to why this is and a commonly referred to reason
is the ‘leaky pipeline’ theory. This is the idea that there are higher rates of
women leaving the STEM pipeline after entering college than men. The theory
suggests that factors such as a lack of interest and discrimination make it
more likely for women to leave academic STEM subjects. So as a result women who
earn bachelor’s degrees in these subjects are less likely to succeed in earning
a doctorate.
However, recent
studies carried out by researchers David Miller and Jonathan Wai have shown
that from an analysis of 30 year trends in STEM fields that women are no less
likely than men to earn advanced degrees in STEM fields. The gender gap in
persistence rates in the 1970s showed that men were almost twice as likely to
earn a relevant doctorate. Yet, by the 1990s the gap had completely closed.
Miller however goes on to say that women and men are still
not equally represented in STEM academia with men outnumbering women by roughly
3 to 1. These differences though are not due to gender bias in the pipeline.
The study found that 25 percent of bachelor’s degree recipients in STEM are
female and the percentage of doctorate recipients is 27 percent.
Miller of Northwestern believes that instead of trying to
plug these leaks, there should be an emphasis on getting more students, both
male and female, interested before the bachelor degree level. Curt Rice of the
University of Tromsø claims that it could be that there are now in fact more
men leaving the pipeline which is the cause of the lack of gap. He believes
that it could be that the leaks in the pipeline are getting even bigger. This
could again point to the need to get more people interested in STEM fields at
lower ages. This would mean a higher number into the pipeline and a potential
to increase numbers moving through to doctorate level and further.
The question that sprang to my mind when seeing the study
results was even though percentages of women closing the gender gap at colleges
is better than it was 30 years ago, what is the gap like at the top STEM
institutions? In a previous post I focused on whether the top institutions were
boys clubs and this could be the case for why there still is an
under representation of women in top STEM companies. The top
universities were found to have 14 percent female undergraduate degrees
awarded in computer science. It may be harder for women to succeed at the top
institutions for STEM fields and thus progress into top companies. So the STEM
degrees and doctorates from potentially less prestigious institutions may not
be enough to get into the best companies. Therefore the degrees could be taken
into non-STEM fields such as health or politics where there is more chance to
progress and succeed.
About the Author:
Harry Kempe, a marketing intern at IIR USA, who works on various aspects of the
industry including social media, marketing analysis and media. He is a recent
graduate of Newcastle University who previously worked for EMAP Ltd. and WGSN
as a marketing assistant on events such as the World Architecture Festival,
World Retail Congress and Global Fashion Awards. He can be reached at hkempe@IIRUSA.com.
